除了模式生物外，13 年和 17 年的周期性蝉（半翅目：蝉科：Magicicada）是进化和生态学中研究最多的昆虫之一。它们是有吸引力的主题，因为它们可以预见地大量出现；具有由空间和时间隔离所塑造的复杂生物地理学；并包括三个基本上同域的平行物种群，从某种意义上说，它们是进化复制品。Magicicada也相对容易捕获和操纵，它们壮观的同步大规模出现促进了外展和公民科学机会。自上次主要审查以来，Magicicada的研究揭示了对生殖特征置换和物种边界性质的见解，提供了异时物种形成的其他例子，发现了 13 年和 17 年生命周期的重复和平行（但非同时）进化的证据，量化了基因流动的数量和方向随着时间的推移，揭示了由古气候变化引起的系统地理模式，检查了幼体发育的时间，并为生命周期控制的演变和气候变化对Magicicada生命周期的未来影响提出了假设。新的生态研究支持并质疑质数在Magicicada生态和进化中的作用，发现种群规模在几代人之间的双向变化，量化了Magicicada到森林生态系统中的养分流动，并检查了Magicicada与其真菌寄生虫和细菌内共生体之间的行为和生化相互作用。
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Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas
Apart from model organisms, 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) are among the most studied insects in evolution and ecology. They are attractive subjects because they predictably emerge in large numbers; have a complex biogeography shaped by both spatial and temporal isolation; and include three largely sympatric, parallel species groups that are, in a sense, evolutionary replicates. Magicicada are also relatively easy to capture and manipulate, and their spectacular, synchronized mass emergences facilitate outreach and citizen science opportunities. Since the last major review, studies of Magicicada have revealed insights into reproductive character displacement and the nature of species boundaries, provided additional examples of allochronic speciation, found evidence for repeated and parallel (but noncontemporaneous) evolution of 13- and 17-year life cycles, quantified the amount and direction of gene flow through time, revealed phylogeographic patterning resulting from paleoclimate change, examined the timing of juvenile development, and created hypotheses for the evolution of life-cycle control and the future effects of climate changeon Magicicada life cycles. New ecological studies have supported and questioned the role of prime numbers in Magicicada ecology and evolution, found bidirectional shifts in population size over generations, quantified the contribution of Magicicada to nutrient flow in forest ecosystems, and examined behavioral and biochemical interactions between Magicicada and their fungal parasites and bacterial endosymbionts.